Low-grade extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma of the peritoneum: A case report and literature review.

Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor that accounts for less than 1% of all primary uterine malignancies and extrauterine endometrial stromal sarcoma (EESS) is even rarer. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman with an abdominal tumor and multiple peritoneal implants. Histological analysis of the surgical specimens showed bland cellularity resembling normal endometrial stroma. The diagnosis of a low-grade EESS was confirmed by immunophenotypic findings and demonstration of JAZF1 translocation. After extensive sampling, no evidence of endometriosis was found. Our case showed atypical aggressive behavior and we discuss the possible influence of the high mitotic count (8/10 HPFs) in some areas of the tumor, the multifocality of the abdominal implants and the postmenopausal status of the patient. The unusual clinical presentation and extrauterine location of such a rare tumor were challenging implying a wide range of differential diagnosis. The correlation of morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings was necessary to arrive at the correct diagnosis.

La influencia del tiempo de revaluación en el éxito del tratamiento del aborto diferido con misoprostol / Influence of the time of re-evaluation on the success of misoprostol treatment for missed abortions

Objetivo: evaluar el porcentaje de abortos diferidos resueltos exitosamente con misoprostol en dos periodos de tiempo diferentes, donde la revaluación se realizó a las 48 horas en el primer periodo y a los 7-10 días en el segundo periodo. Material y métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo desde septiembre 2008 a diciembre 2009 (1º periodo) y de noviembre 2012 a agosto 2014 (2º periodo). 219 pacientes diagnosticadas de aborto diferido en el primer trimestre (1º periodo n = 109; 2º periodo, n = 110) recibieron tratamiento intravaginal con 3 dosis de 400 mcg de misoprostol cada 4 horas. El tiempo de revaluación fue a las 48 h y a los 7-10 días post-tratamiento para cada periodo de estudio. Resultados: en ambos periodos el número de gestaciones y abortos previos fue similar; no obstante, las del segundo periodo presentaban una edad media mayor (34,1 ± 5,0 vs. 35,9 ± 5,2) y menor número de partos vaginales previos (56,0% vs. 41,8%). Un primer tratamiento con misoprostol se mostró eficaz en el 51,4% (n = 56) de las pacientes revaluadas a las 48 horas y en el 71,8% (n = 79) de las mujeres revaluadas a los 7-10 días (p = 0,002). Las pacientes del segundo periodo sometidas a un segundo tratamiento con misoprostol obtuvieron una tasa de éxito del 57,1% (n = 8). No se detectaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos respecto a las complicaciones (p = 0,076). La reevaluación de las pacientes tras un primer tratamiento con misoprostol a los 7-10 días evita la realización de tratamientos adicionales en un 19,4%. Conclusión: una revaluación a los 7-10 días supone una mayor porcentaje de éxito del tratamiento con misoprostol sin aumentar las complicaciones (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the percentage of missed abortions successfully resolved with misoprostol in two different time periods, in which revaluation was performed 48 hours after treatment in the first period and after 7-10 days in the second period. Material and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted that included the periods from September 2008 to December 2009 (first period) and from November 2012 to August 2014 (second period). A total of 219 patients diagnosed with missed first-trimester abortions (n = 109 first period, second period, n = 110) received intravaginal treatment with 3 doses of 400 mcg of misoprostol every 4 hours. The time of revaluation was 48 hours post-treatment and 7-10 days post-treatment for the first and second periods, respectively. Results: In both periods, the number of previous pregnancies and abortions was similar but women in the second period had a higher mean age (34.1 ± 5.0 vs. 35.9 ± 5.2) and had fewer previous vaginal deliveries (56.0% vs. 41.8%). A first treatment with misoprostol was effective in 51.4% (n = 56) of the women re-evaluated after 48 hours and in 71.8% (n = 79) of the women re-evaluated after 7-10 days (p = 0.002). In patients in the second period who had a second misoprostol treatment, the success rate was 57.1% (n = 8). No significant differences were detected between the two groups in complications (p = 0.076). Re-evaluation 7-10 days after a first misoprostol treatment avoided the need for additional treatment in 19.4% of the patients. Conclusion: Re-evaluation at 7-10 days post-treatment increases the success rate of misoprostol treatment without increasing the number of complications (AU)

Enfermedad hemolítica perinatal causada por anticuerpos anti-M y tratada con inmunoglobulinas intravenosas fetales / Hemolytic disease of the fetus due to anti-M antibodies treated with fetal intravenous immunoglobulin therapy

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 28 años, con 2 abortos tardíos previos causados por anticuerpos anti-M. En la actual gestación es tratada desde la semana 23 hasta la semana 34 con inmunoglobulinas intravenosas fetales, con resultado satisfactorio. Aunque no hay estudios randomizados y controlados que indiquen que las inmunoglobulinas fetales son efectivas en el manejo de la isoinmunización, pequeñas series de casos sugieren resultados prometedores (AU)

We present the case of a 28-year-old woman with two prior late miscarriages caused by anti-M antibodies, leading to alloimmunization of her previous pregnancies. During this pregnancy, she was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulins administered from the 23th to the 34th week of pregnancy. There are no randomized trials to indicate whether the antenatal use of intravenous immunoglobulin is effective in the management of fetal red blood cell alloimmunization. Several case series suggest a beneficial role in preventing severe fetal anemia (AU)

Tumor phyllodes de mama gigante sobreinfectado con Salmonella enteritidis / Giant phyllodes tumor of the breast superinfected by Salmonella enteritidis

Se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 51 años, con un absceso de mama izquierda secundario a Salmonella enteritidis, que resultó ser la forma de presentación de un tumor phyllodes de 22 × 12 × 23 cm (AU)

We report the case of a 51-year-old woman with an abscess on her left breast due to Salmonella enteritidis, which was the form of presentation of a giant phyllodes tumor (22 × 12 × 23 cm) (AU)

Cáncer de mama: metástasis en ovario y colon / Breast cancer: Ovarian and colonic metastasis

Presentamos un caso de cáncer de mama en estadio ii que recidivó a nivel local a los 4 años, a nivel ovárico 6 años más tarde y en colon 13 años después. La paciente recibió tratamiento adyuvante quimioterápico tras el diagnóstico inicial de cáncer mama. Posteriormente, el tratamiento de las recidivas siempre fue la cirugía y la hormonoterapia adyuvante. Destaca la supervivencia libre de enfermedad de la paciente tras la recidiva ovárica

We present a case of stage II breast cancer that relapsed first in the surgical scar at 4 years after surgery, and then in the ovaries at 6 years and finally in the colon at 13 years. Adjuvant treatment consisted of chemotherapy after the initial diagnosis and hormonal therapy after the relapses. Even though hormonal adjuvant treatment alone was used after ovarian recurrence, the disease-free survival was long (AU)

Técnica del ganglio centinela en el cáncer de colon. Experiencia en 125 casos / Sentinel lymph node biopsy technique in colon cancer. Experience in 125 cases

Introducción El estudio de los ganglios linfáticos supone el factor pronóstico más importante en el cáncer colorrectal sin metástasis. La técnica del ganglio centinela identifica el ganglio que mejor predice el estado ganglionar de un paciente y permite realizar en él técnicas de estudio intensivo que mejoran la estadificación. El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar la eficacia de la técnica del ganglio centinela en la estadificación del cáncer de colon.Material y métodos Estudio prospectivo con 125 pacientes diagnosticados preoperatoriamente de cáncer de colon sin metástasis a distancia desde septiembre de 2009 hasta diciembre de 2011 en el Hospital Universitario de Álava-Txagorritxu en Álava. Realizamos la técnica del ganglio centinela ex vivo y con azul de metileno. El ganglio centinela se estudió realizando secciones múltiples y técnicas de inmunohistoquímica, además de hematoxilina-eosina. Realizamos un estudio comparativo con un grupo control con 170 pacientes estudiado de forma convencional mediante sección única y tinción de hematoxilina-eosina. Resultados Identificamos el ganglio centinela en el 98% de los casos, con una tasa de falsos negativos del 5,6%. La supraestadificación lograda en el grupo con estudio del ganglio centinela se encuentra en el 14,2% con respecto al grupo estudiado convencionalmente (p = 0,006).Conclusiones El estudio del ganglio centinela realizado ex vivo y con azul de metileno predice el estado ganglionar de los pacientes con cáncer de colon. Esta técnica supraestadifica, pasando al estadio iii a pacientes que el estudio convencional determinaba como estadios i y ii , permitiendo que accedan a un tratamiento quimioterápico que podría mejorar su pronóstico (AU)

Introduction The level of lymph node involvement is the most important factor in staging colorectal cancer without metastasis. Sentinel lymph node mapping identifies the node(s) that most accurately reflect the lymph node status of patients, and intensive techniques that improve staging can be focused on these nodes. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ex vivo sentinel lymph node mapping in the staging of colon cancer. Materials and methods A prospective study was conducted on 125 patients from the Alava-Txagorritxu University Hospital Health Region (Alava), who were diagnosed prior to surgery with colon cancer without distant metastasis from September 2009 to December 2011. Ex vivo sentinel lymph node mapping with methylene blue was use in these patients to study the sentinel nodes with multiple slices using immunohistochemical techniques and haematoxylin-eosin staining. A comparative study was also performed based on a control group of 170 patients staged with conventional techniques, and involving a single slice and haematoxylin-eosin staining. Results The sentinel lymph node identification rate was 98%, with 5.6% false negatives. Upstaging occurred in 14.2% of cases compared to the group studied using conventional techniques (P=.006).Conclusions Ex vivo sentinel lymph node mapping with methylene blue accurately reflects the lymph node status of patients with colon cancer. This approach upstages patients classified as stages i and ii by conventional techniques to stage iii , indicating chemotherapy that may improve their prognosis (AU)

[Sentinel lymph node biopsy technique in colon cancer. Experience in 125 cases]. / Técnica del ganglio centinela en el cáncer de colon. Experiencia en 125 casos.

INTRODUCTION: The level of lymph node involvement is the most important factor in staging colorectal cancer without metastasis. Sentinel lymph node mapping identifies the node(s) that most accurately reflect the lymph node status of patients, and intensive techniques that improve staging can be focused on these nodes. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ex vivo sentinel lymph node mapping in the staging of colon cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 125 patients from the Alava-Txagorritxu University Hospital Health Region (Alava), who were diagnosed prior to surgery with colon cancer without distant metastasis from September 2009 to December 2011. Ex vivo sentinel lymph node mapping with methylene blue was use in these patients to study the sentinel nodes with multiple slices using immunohistochemical techniques and haematoxylin-eosin staining. A comparative study was also performed based on a control group of 170 patients staged with conventional techniques, and involving a single slice and haematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS: The sentinel lymph node identification rate was 98%, with 5.6% false negatives. Upstaging occurred in 14.2% of cases compared to the group studied using conventional techniques (P=.006). CONCLUSIONS: Ex vivo sentinel lymph node mapping with methylene blue accurately reflects the lymph node status of patients with colon cancer. This approach upstages patients classified as stages i and ii by conventional techniques to stage iii, indicating chemotherapy that may improve their prognosis.